It is usually caused by something that has damaged the facial nerve itself and this damage affects the way in which the nerve causes its associated muscles to behave, or not behave. Unlike the human counterpart, facial nerve paresis is not due to any disease of the brain in most dogs. The nucleus of the facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is located in the rostral medulla oblongata of the brain stem and it travels various bones and pathways until it ultimately exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and then splits into auricular (ear), palpebral (eye) and buccal (lips) branches. These two types are dependent upon the degree to which the facial nucleus or nerve is involved, both in terms of damage or injury and location.
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